VM Management

Basic VM Operations

# Start VM
qm start <vmid>

# Stop VM
qm stop <vmid>

# Reset VM
qm reset <vmid>

# Shutdown VM
qm shutdown <vmid>

VM Creation

# Create new VM
qm create <vmid> \
    --memory 2048 \
    --cores 2 \
    --name vm-name \
    --net0 virtio,bridge=vmbr0

# Clone VM
qm clone <source-vmid> <target-vmid> \
    --name new-vm-name

VM Configuration

# Set memory
qm set <vmid> --memory 4096

# Set CPU cores
qm set <vmid> --cores 4

# Add hard disk
qm set <vmid> \
    --scsi0 local-lvm:32

Storage Management

Storage Operations

# List storage
pvesm list

# Add storage
pvesm add <type> <storage> \
    --path /path/to/storage

# Remove storage
pvesm remove <storage>

Backup Operations

# Create backup
vzdump <vmid> \
    --compress zstd \
    --mode snapshot

# Restore from backup
qmrestore backup.vma.zst <vmid> \
    --storage local

Network Configuration

Bridge Management

# Create bridge
pve-bridge create \
    --name vmbr0 \
    --address 192.168.1.1/24

# Delete bridge
pve-bridge delete vmbr0

Interface Configuration

# Set interface
ip addr add 192.168.1.1/24 \
    dev vmbr0

# Show interfaces
ip addr show

Cluster Management

Cluster Operations

# Create cluster
pvecm create <clustername>

# Join cluster
pvecm add <host>

# Show status
pvecm status

Node Management

# List nodes
pvecm nodes

# Remove node
pvecm delnode <node>

# Expected votes
pvecm expected <votes>

Resource Management

CPU Management

# Show CPU info
pvenode cpu-info

# Set CPU units
qm set <vmid> --cpu-units 2000

Memory Management

# Show memory usage
pvenode status

# Set memory limit
qm set <vmid> \
    --memory 2048 \
    --balloon 1024

Container Management

Container Operations

# Create container
pct create <ctid> template.tar.gz \
    --hostname container1 \
    --memory 512

# Start container
pct start <ctid>

Container Configuration

# Set resources
pct set <ctid> \
    --cores 2 \
    --memory 1024

# Mount points
pct set <ctid> \
    --mp0 /mnt,mp=/mnt

Maintenance

System Updates

# Update repositories
apt update

# Upgrade system
apt dist-upgrade

# Install updates
pveupgrade

Backup Management

# Configure backup
pvesr create-backup-job \
    --vmid <vmid> \
    --schedule "0 2 * * *"

# List backup jobs
pvesr list

In detailed

VM Management

Basic VM Operations

# Start VM
qm start <vmid>

# Stop VM (force stop)
qm stop <vmid>

# Graceful shutdown
qm shutdown <vmid>

# Reset VM (hard reset)
qm reset <vmid>

# Suspend VM
qm suspend <vmid>

# Resume VM
qm resume <vmid>

# Send reboot command
qm reboot <vmid>

# Enter VM console
qm terminal <vmid>

# Show VM status
qm status <vmid>

VM Creation and Templates

# Create new VM
qm create <vmid> \
    --memory 2048 \
    --cores 2 \
    --name vm-name \
    --net0 virtio,bridge=vmbr0 \
    --scsihw virtio-scsi-pci \
    --scsi0 local-lvm:32 \
    --bootdisk scsi0 \
    --ostype l26 \
    --sockets 1

# Create VM from template
qm clone <template-vmid> <target-vmid> \
    --name new-vm-name \
    --full \
    --storage local-lvm

# Convert VM to template
qm template <vmid>

# Create linked clone
qm clone <template-vmid> <target-vmid> \
    --name linked-clone \
    --full 0

Advanced VM Configuration

# CPU configuration
qm set <vmid> \
    --cores 4 \
    --sockets 2 \
    --cpu host \
    --numa 1 \
    --cpulimit 2

# Memory management
qm set <vmid> \
    --memory 8192 \
    --balloon 4096 \
    --shares 2048

# Network configuration
qm set <vmid> \
    --net0 virtio,bridge=vmbr0,rate=100 \
    --net1 virtio,bridge=vmbr1,tag=10 \
    --ipconfig0 ip=dhcp \
    --ipconfig1 ip=10.0.0.100/24,gw=10.0.0.1

# Disk operations
qm set <vmid> \
    --scsi0 local-lvm:32,ssd=1 \
    --scsi1 local-lvm:64,backup=0 \
    --ide2 local:iso/os-image.iso,media=cdrom

# Resource limits
qm set <vmid> \
    --cpuunits 2048 \
    --swap 4096 \
    --onboot 1 \
    --startup order=1,up=120

VM Migration and Replication

# Migrate VM to another node
qm migrate <vmid> <target-node> \
    --online \
    --with-local-disks

# Configure replication
qm set <vmid> \
    --replication 1 \
    --replication-target node2 \
    --replication-job-schedule "*/15 * * * *"

# Start replication
qm replicate-start <vmid>

# Show replication status
qm replicate-status <vmid>

Storage Management

Storage Pool Operations

# List all storage pools
pvesm list

# Show storage details
pvesm status

# Add LVM storage
pvesm add lvm <name> \
    --vgname vg0 \
    --content images,rootdir

# Add NFS storage
pvesm add nfs <name> \
    --path /mnt/nfs \
    --server 192.168.1.100 \
    --export /export \
    --content backup,images

# Add CIFS storage
pvesm add cifs <name> \
    --server 192.168.1.100 \
    --share backup \
    --username user \
    --password pass

# Remove storage
pvesm remove <storage>

Volume Management

# List volumes
pvesm scan <storage>

# Create volume
pvesm alloc <storage> <vmid> \
    images 32G

# Remove volume
pvesm free <volume>

# Resize volume
pvesm resize <volume> +10G

# Move volume
pvesm move <source-vol> <target-vol>

Backup and Restore

# Create backup
vzdump <vmid> \
    --compress zstd \
    --mode snapshot \
    --maxfiles 5 \
    --storage backup \
    --node node1

# Scheduled backup
vzdump *(all VMs) \
    --compress zstd \
    --mailto [email protected] \
    --exclude-vmid 100,101 \
    --pigz 1 \
    --ionice 3

# Restore from backup
qmrestore backup.vma.zst <vmid> \
    --storage local-lvm \
    --force \
    --unique \
    --target node1

# List backups
pvesr list-backup-archives

Network Configuration

Bridge Management

# Create bridge
pve-bridge create \
    --name vmbr0 \
    --address 192.168.1.1/24 \
    --gateway 192.168.1.1 \
    --vlan-aware yes

# Configure existing bridge
pve-bridge set vmbr0 \
    --address 192.168.2.1/24 \
    --ports eth0 \
    --stp on \
    --fd 15

# Delete bridge
pve-bridge delete vmbr0

# Show bridge status
pve-bridge status vmbr0

VLAN Configuration

# Create VLAN interface
ip link add link vmbr0 name vmbr0.10 \
    type vlan id 10

# Configure VLAN
ip addr add 10.0.10.1/24 \
    dev vmbr0.10

# Create VLAN-aware bridge
pve-bridge create \
    --name vmbr1 \
    --vlan-aware yes \
    --vlan-allowed 1-4094

# Assign VLANs to VM
qm set <vmid> \
    --net0 virtio,bridge=vmbr1,tag=10 \
    --net1 virtio,bridge=vmbr1,tag=20

Advanced Networking

# Configure bonding
pve-create-bond \
    --name bond0 \
    --slaves eth0,eth1 \
    --mode 802.3ad \
    --hash-policy layer2+3

# Setup traffic control
tc qdisc add dev vmbr0 \
    root handle 1: htb default 10

# Configure firewall
pve-firewall set \
    --enable 1 \
    --policy_in DROP \
    --policy_out ACCEPT

# Create firewall rules
pve-firewall add \
    --action ACCEPT \
    --source 192.168.1.0/24 \
    --dest 192.168.2.0/24 \
    --proto tcp \
    --dport 22

References

Based on Proxmox VE 8.0
For more details: Proxmox Documentation